How India’s new K-4 missile could be a major deterrence game-changer
Published: Dec 25, 2025, 19:17 IST | Updated: Dec 25, 2025, 19:17 IST India’s K-4 submarine-launched ballistic missile with 3,500-km range strengthens sea-based nuclear deterrence through underwater stealth, advanced guidance systems and credible second-strike capability against regional nuclear-armed adversaries. (Photograph: Wikimedia commons) K-4 Submarine-Launched Ballistic Missile Overview The K-4, also known as Kalam-4, is a